Effect of Supplementation with Coffee and Cocoa By-Products to Ameliorate Metabolic Syndrome Alterations Induced by High-Fat Diet in Female Mice

Coffee and cocoa manufacturing produces large amounts of waste. Generated by-products contain bioactive compounds with antioxidant anti-inflammatory properties, suitable for treating metabolic syndrome (MetS). We aimed to compare the efficacy aqueous extracts flours from coffee pulp (CfPulp-E, CfPulp-F) shell (CcShell-E, CcShell-F) ameliorate MetS alterations induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). Bioactive component content was assessed HPLC/MS. C57BL/6 female mice were fed 6 weeks HFD followed plus supplementation one ingredients (500 mg/kg/day, 5 days/week), compared non-supplemented Control group regular chow. Body weight, adipocyte size browning (Mitotracker, confocal microscopy), plasma glycemia (basal, glucose tolerance test–area under curve, GTT-AUC), lipid profile, leptin between groups. Cocoa had mainly caffeine, theobromine, protocatechuic acid, flavan-3-ols. showed high in protocatechuic, chlorogenic acids. Compared mice, all parameters. HFD, CcShell-F significantly reduced size, increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), normalized basal glycemia, while CcShell-E only HDL. Both GTT-AUC. Additionally, CfPulp-E improved hyperleptinemia, triglycerides, slowed weight gain, CfPulp-F In conclusion, better against MetS, likely due synergic effect Since is already approved as food ingredient, this by-product could be used humans treat obesity-related alterations.